No Indiana county has enough mental-health professionals to meet the local needs according to the Rural Health Information Hub. Add to that an overall mistrust of the healthcare system by many people of color, and there's an unmet need that one Indianapolis nonprofit hopes to help fill.

Nonprofit community center Flanner House has opened a facility geared for the mental-health needs of Black Hoosiers.

Morningstar Afrocentric Wellness Center Director Bwana Clements said he and Flanner House Executive Director Brandon Cosby envisioned opening the center after seeing that young Black men seemed unresponsive to traditional therapeutic models.

"Wouldn't it be nice if we had an agency to prevent the challenges and difficulties of having to retell your story, over and over, to people who may or may not understand it?" Clements asked.

He said the center offers individual, couples and family counseling, as well as bereavement therapy for young people who have suffered a loss due to violence or trauma.

The American Psychiatric Association has found that, with Black patients, physicians are 23% more verbally dominant and engaged in 33% less patient-centered communication than with white patients.

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration points to reasons why Black Americans and other minority groups don't always seek help for mental health. There's still a stigma around getting this type of care, but lack of access and insurance costs also are factors.

Clements said the center was intentionally designed for people to feel at home.

"There's something about being able to walk into a space, seeing people that look like yourself, and knowing that they understand without you having to explain," he added.

Clements said anyone is welcome at the Wellness Center, no matter their race or sexual orientation. The American Psychiatric Association says other common barriers to seeking help include concerns about privacy, lack of knowledge about available treatments, and denial of mental-health problems.


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More than 3 million New Yorkers have a diagnosed mental illness but only around one in three can get the care they need to treat it.

The barriers stem from many factors, like so-called "fail first" policies, which require people to try an insurer-preferred medication first, before covering the original prescription.

Matthew Shapiro, senior director of government and cultural affairs for the New York State Chapter of the National Alliance on Mental Illness, said another issue is what are known as "ghost networks."

"In some cases, up to 75% of providers that the insurance company gives to their client don't actually exist," Shapiro pointed out. "They're no longer practicing in the area. We call that 'ghost coverage,' where they're telling you coverage is there and it's not."

A 2023 New York State Attorney General report found 86% of providers listed on health plan networks are not valid listings. The report recommended state regulators crack down on insurers to maintain consistent and accessible levels of care for all. Another barrier is low mental health care reimbursement rates for providers.

As mental health issues rise nationally, insurance coverage needs to meet the moment. Federal laws like the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and the Affordable Care Act ensure behavioral health coverage is on par with other health care.

David Lloyd, chief policy officer for the mental health advocacy organization Inseparable, said loopholes in the laws still have to be closed.

"What mental health advocates across the country and in states are pushing for is to make sure when a doctor is recommending treatment, the health plan has to cover those services when they're consistent with what the standards of care are," Lloyd explained.

The biggest challenge to closing loopholes is lawmakers finding the political will to do so. Lloyd added the overall goal is to align providers' and insurers' standards of care, so patients get the treatment they need.

While New Jersey has made gains in K-through-12 mental health support, advocates said the state needs to do more.

In recent years New Jersey has passed legislation and seen a mix of state and federal grants awarded to help expand access to school based mental health services. In December, Montclair State University was awarded a federal grant to recruit and train school psychologists. Last fall, Rutgers University announced a similar grant aimed at increasing the number of highly trained school counselors.

Angela Kimball, chief advocacy officer for the mental health advocacy organization Inseparable, said for many people accessing mental health services can seem intimidating.

"When we offer mental health services in schools, it serves to actually normalize the idea of getting support for your mental health," Kimball explained. "That really reduces stigma, and it reduces other barriers to people getting the kind of support they need to thrive. "

The American School Counselor Association recommends a ratio of 250 counselors per student. New Jersey has improved its ratio from 2019 when it was near 350 counselors per student. In 2024, the number was just under 300 to one.

The state is currently in the second year of the New Jersey Statewide Student Support Services network, which offers support to all students in the state through 15 regional hubs. The hubs are staffed by prevention specialists and licensed clinicians, and can deliver services in schools, other community settings and virtually.

The hubs offer three tiers of services ranging from workshops in tier one, to prevention services in tier two for groups of at-risk students and individualized intervention services in tier three. The program was intended to replace existing school-based services in place since the 1980s at 90 schools throughout the state. The school-based programs were preserved after some pushback and Kimball noted research points to benefits for keeping services in schools.

"Research is showing that youth who get school-based services are six times more likely to complete a full course of treatment than with community-based treatment," Kimball reported.

Last year, the New Jersey Department of Education found 13% of 12-17-year-olds in the state reported at least one major depressive episode in the past year, with 8% reporting a severe episode.

Advocates said the kids aren't all right and want to tackle the youth mental health crisis head on in schools.

A study of Maryland's youth mental health care found 67,000 children in the state suffered from major depression and nearly half did not receive treatment.

In Maryland schools, the ratio of psychologists to students is nearly five times the recommended ratio. Even worse, the ratio of social workers to students is nearly 10 times the recommended ratio.

Angela Kimball, chief advocacy officer for the mental health advocacy organization Inseparable, said increasing school-based mental health services would overcome barriers some students face when trying to access care.

"They're less stigmatizing," Kimball pointed out. "They normalize mental health care. They're available without cost. They don't require transportation or parents taking time off work. School mental-health services offer this opportunity to reduce barriers and get kids the support they need."

Youths who receive school-based mental-health services are six times more likely to complete a full round of treatment, according to a U.S. Department of Education report.

Other studies have shown teaching students mental health literacy and life skills decreases symptoms of depression and anxiety. Kimball emphasized other states are expanding the ranks of their mental health services and including other students to help their peers.

"That means not just school mental health professionals but also expanding that workforce to take advantage of other caring adults and youths and young adults, who can actually provide support to their peers," Kimball explained.

Kimball argued Maryland should expand its school Medicaid program, which allows more money to flow into schools to better fund mental health services.